The lede:

The American Medical Association officially apologized in July for its history of excluding black physicians from membership, for listing black doctors as “colored” in its national physician directory for decades, and for failing to speak against federal funding of segregated hospitals and in favor of civil rights legislation.

“The AMA failed, across the span of a century, to live up to the high standards that define the noble profession of medicine,” said AMA Immediate Past President Ron Davis, MD, in a commentary published in the July 16 Journal of the American Medical Association.

The apology came in response to an AMA-appointed expert panel’s report on the historical racial divide in organized medicine, “African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide,” also published in JAMA.

The whole shebang.